Researches in the reduction of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) from orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) output signals are being done using many techniques. Selected mapping (SLM) technique is a distortion-less technique and is a well known method to reduce high PAPR of OFDM signal. One drawback of SLM is its requirement of side information bits to recover original data block at the receiver side which lead rate of data loss. In this paper, we have proposed a sequential phase sequence SLM (SPS-SLM) based OFDM transceiver without side information and studied its performance. For the proposed method, a specific set of phase sequences is designed. MATLAB simulation shows that the proposed scheme performs well in terms of PAPR. Proposed method provides almost the same PAPR reduction performance compared to the conventional SLM method requiring side information.

Wireless sensor networks have recently emerged as important computing platform. These sensors are power-limited and have limited computing resources. Therefore the sensor energy has to be managed wisely in order to maximize the lifetime of the network. Simply speaking, LEACH requires the knowledge of energy for every node in the network topology used. In LEACHs threshold which selects the cluster head is fixed so this protocol does not consider network topology environments. We proposed IELP algorithm, which selects cluster heads using different thresholds. New cluster head selection probability consists of the initial energy and the number of neighbor nodes. On rotation basis, a head-set member receives data from the neighboring nodes and transmits the aggregated results to the distant base station. For a given number of data collecting sensor nodes, the number of control and management nodes can be systematically adjusted to reduce the energy consumption, which increases the network life.
The simulation results show that the performance of IELP has an improvement of 39% over LEACH and 20% over SEP in the area of 100m*100m for m=0.1, α =2 where advanced nodes (m) and the additional energy factor between advanced and normal nodes (α).