Debasish Pradhan

Work place: Department of Applied Mathematics, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune, INDIA

E-mail: debasish@diat.ac.in

Website:

Research Interests: Image Compression, Image Manipulation, Image Processing

Biography

Debasish Pradhan is currently working as an Assistant Professor in Applied Mathematics Department, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Pune. His research interests include: steganography, image processing.

Author Articles
Adaptive Quantization Index Modulation Audio Watermarking based on Fuzzy Inference System

By Sunita V. Dhavale Rajendra S. Deodhar Debasish Pradhan L.M. Patnaik

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijigsp.2014.03.01, Pub. Date: 8 Feb. 2014

Many of the adaptive watermarking schemes reported in the literature consider only local audio signal properties. Many schemes require complex computation along with manual parameter settings. In this paper, we propose a novel, fuzzy, adaptive audio watermarking algorithm based on both global and local audio signal properties. The algorithm performs well for dynamic range of audio signals without requiring manual initial parameter selection. Here, mean value of energy (MVE) and variance of spectral flux (VSF) of a given audio signal constitutes global components, while the energy of each audio frame acts as local component. The Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) step size Δ is made adaptive to both the global and local features. The global component automates the initial selection of Δ using the fuzzy inference system while the local component controls the variation in it based on the energy of individual audio frame. Hence Δ adaptively controls the strength of watermark to meet both the robustness and inaudibility requirements, making the system independent of audio nature. Experimental results reveal that our adaptive scheme outperforms other fixed step sized QIM schemes and adaptive schemes and is highly robust against general attacks.

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