There is a wide collection of invaluable varie-ties of ornamental plants and flowers available for sale by vendors in Arusha city contributing to local employment, and food security. Horticulture in Tanzania is dominated by small scale farmers in Arusha that contribute to about 70% of the produces in the sector. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed including; inadequate information for the development of the sector and livelihoods of the vendors. The information on the varied species of ornamental plants and flowers are mainly undocumented and not digitized. This limits access to the scientific community and the general public bringing on these varieties in Arusha a growing conservation concern. The other challenge is that the small-scale vendors have limited visibility to regional markets and international market places which hinders their business growth. On this study, a Web portal was developed for inventory, mapping and digitization of the various species of ornamental plants and flowers as a solution to above challenges. Data collection was conducted using various data collection techniques such as; Interviews, observations, Questionnaire (Open Data Kit) and re-viewing numerous research papers in seven wards of Arusha city where the vendors grow and sell a number of species of ornamental plants and flowers. Both qualitative and quantitative methods mentioned above were deployed to provide insights on the ornamental plants and flower business operations. For the survey, 70 varieties of ornamental plants and flowers were gathered and arranged categorically in terms of taxonomy and usage and uploaded on the portal. The portal developed indicates the potential to help stakeholders find plants’ and flowers’ varieties infor-mation, images, and sales location online, the vendors will be able to advertise their products on the portal and conduct business with customers online. In addition, it will also help Arusha City Representatives with baseline information on the sector to make informed plans and decisions.

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) system are used across the world by organizations or governments to track progress, measure and evaluate outcomes of projects. Organizations can improve their performance, effectiveness and achieving results in project success by strengthening their monitoring and evaluation systems. Moreover, various studies reveal the need for information and communication technology systems in monitoring and evaluation activities because most of the government organizations do not employ computerized monitoring and evaluation systems and those having these systems lack a systematic early informing mechanism of the projects' progress. Currently, the Ministry of Health in Tanzania monitors and evaluates its projects manually, due to this, they face the risks and challenges during the implementation of projects because of a lack of having timely adoption of remedial action. Monitoring and evaluation staffs spent a lot of time in manual work, manual compilation of data, due to data being in separate systems, delay in submission of data, data is lost between primary registries to monthly summaries, from monthly to quarterly summaries, system does not contain all details about projects/program as well as budget information, no early alert information about the status of the project, poor information sharing among stakeholder.
In this study, we collect representative data from three monitoring and evaluation staff, four ICT staff and five project members by using interviews, focus group discussion and document review. The result showed that the electronic monitoring and evaluation system will solve a presented challenge. Development of a web-based monitoring and evaluation system for the ministry of health projects will provides timely, accurate information, that for tracking the implementation progress of projects improved monitoring and evaluation.

Most local communities in Tanzania depend on herbal remedies as the primary source of health care and such knowledge have been stored in the minds of the elderly who pass it on orally to young generations. However, the method is not reliable, as there is a likelihood of gradual loss of such knowledge as the elderly become older and incapacitated. It is at the backdrop of such a scenario that this study investigated the stakeholder’s attitude towards the use of information and communication technology tools in preserving traditional medical knowledge in Tanzania. The study also investigated the existing approaches for managing both traditional medical practitioners, herbaria activities and the difficulties. Both quantitative and qualitative data were employed and the study covered Arusha, Kagera and Dar es Salaam regions where 60 ethnobotanical researchers and 156 traditional medical practitioners were involved. The collected data was analyzed using R and Tableau software. The study indicated that 75% of traditional medical practitioners use story-telling for preserving traditional medical knowledge; 86.53% of practitioners indicated that much of the knowledge has disappeared over generations. More than half (69.87%) of practitioners were aware of the existence of technological devices for accessing the internet and 80.5% of researchers and practitioners believed that Information and Communication Technology tools have benefits in the practice of traditional medicine. From the findings, the study came up with the ICT model solution that can help in documenting, preserving and disseminating traditional medical knowledge and integrate the management of stakeholders in Tanzania.

The Electronic Fiscal Device (EFD) Machines have been operating in Tanzania since the year 2010 for the purpose of helping the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) to increase revenues from tax collection. Regard-less of years of its existence, there are still reported cases of tax evasion, and this study was conducted to review the current tax collection system and analyze require-ments for the development of Stock Tracking Module (STM) to be embedded in the current tax collection sys-tem. This paper earmarked some problems relating to Electronic Fiscal Device Machine Management System (EFDMS) and EFD machine. Data collection was done in Kilimanjaro and Arusha, the two regions of Tanzania that involved tax officers and Information Technology (IT) personnel from TRA and drug traders. Data collection process involved both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather data for the development of the system Stock Tracking Module (STM) such as interview, questionnaire, role-playing and observation. The major findings of the study: The efficiency of the EFDMS is at average, thus, need some improvements. The major problems encountered by TRA are; under declaration of sales by traders, non-usage of EFD machines, usage of fake EFD, overestimate of expenses, division of business and conducting business in unknown areas. The proposed solution will reduce the existing challenges and increase revenue collections, reduce manual work and human resource, and improve accuracy on tax estimation process.

The advancement of technology observed today has led to the development of many Health Information Systems (HIS) which are cost-effective, reliable, scalable and flexible. Moreover, integrated Health Information System (iHIS) plays a crucial role in the dissemination of information, which helps in decision-making. The care2x HIS in Tanzania does not have a module for exchanging data between Care2x HIS and the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) claims management system. The absence of this module in Care2x has resulted into long waiting time for a patient, inaccuracy of the data submitted in claim forms, the consumption of time when processing claims, delay in processing payment and the high costs incurred in printing claims forms. In this paper, we used both qualitative and quantitative methods to gather the requirements for the development of the module. Interviews, questionnaire and document review were employed in data collection. The requirements were gathered with the help of 12 practitioners and one Information Technology (IT) specialist from NHIF headquarters. The results showed that the integration of the data exchange module is very potential in solving the present challenges. The data exchange module between Care2x HIS and NHIF Claims management System will increase the accuracy of claims submitted and reduce the cost for printing claims forms and time spent in filling and processing claims.