Processing images efficiently may be influenced by some important factors which are the techniques chosen, the field of study and the quality of images. In this work, we study the field of agriculture with the focus on the early detection of plant diseases through image processing. To detect plant diseases such bacterial diseases, fungal diseases and virus, two main techniques exist: The traditional techniques provided by agricultural experts during visit on the field and the artificial techniques based on images processing algorithms. Since plantations are usually distant from the cities where experts are not easy to find, the artificial techniques incorporated in computer programs become suitable. The modern techniques used to analyse images rely on existing algorithms such as k-nearest neighbor, k-means clustering, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm, neural networks, etc. Five main phases characterise the process of images analysis: image acquisition, pre-treatment, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. Amongst these phases, we particularly focus on the segmentation which allows to locate portions of leaf that are affected by a disease. Doing so, in this paper we propose a method to evaluate segmentation algorithms (k-means clustering, canny edge and k-nearest neighbor) on the diagnostic of diseases of three of the most cultivated plants (corn, potato, tomato) in the region of study. We study and compare performance values using the ROC-AUC of disease classification using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The obtained results show that the canny edge algorithm produces very poor performances on the family of solanaceae plants including potato. The k-nearest neighbour algorithm produces very poor performance due to the difficulty of choosing the k-value. Finally, the k-means algorithm makes it possible to obtain good prediction rates on all the chosen plants.

Recommendation systems are a type of systems that are able to help users finding relevant and personalized content in a wide variety of possibilities. To help computers perform recommendations, there are several approaches used nowadays such as the Content-based approach, the Collaborative filtering approach and the Hybrid recommendation approach. However, these approaches are sometimes inappropriate for use cases where there is no prior large datasets of users’ feedbacks or ratings needed for training Machine Learning models. Thus, in this work, we proposed a novel approach based on the combination of Fuzzy Logic and the k-Nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN). The proposed approach can be applied without any prior collected feedbacks of users and performs good recommendations. Moreover, our proposal uses Fuzzy Logic to infer values based on inputs and a set of rules. Furthermore, the KNN uses the output values of the Fuzzy Logic system to do some retrieval tasks based on existing distance measures. In order to evaluate our approach, we considered an expert system of food recommendation for people suffering from the two deadliest diseases in Cameroon: HIV/AIDS and Malaria. The obtained results are closed to the recommendation made by nutritionists. These results demonstrate how effective our approach can be used to solve a real nutrition problem for people suffering from Malaria or HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, this approach can be extended to other fields and even be used to perform any recommendation task where there is no prior collected user’s feedback or ratings by using the proposed approach as a framework.