A wireless mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic network that can be built without the need for any central governance system and pre-existing infrastructure, in which each node can act as a router. During the transmission of information in any network, energy consumption is an important factor for the efficiency and lifetime of the network. A reduction in energy consumption is achieved by detecting the energy consumption at the node at each stage of transmission.

The main objective of this paper is to formulate mathematical models of energy consumption. A mathematical model of the energy consumption of a network is to be built on the basis of available nodes and links to formulate mathematical models related to energy. When constructing this mathematical model for the challenge related to mobility and low connectivity due to limited battery power in the network, the failure of the links present in the network and the estimated energy consumption are taken into account. Due to the greater mobility of this type of network, nodes rapidly change their positions, causing nodes to drain the battery very quickly, thus reducing network performance. So we need a mathematical model which helps in developing a mathematical model after developing a conceptual model. Which helps in predicting the quantitative behavior of a system. Weaknesses and strengths of a model can be identified from the quantitative results of a mathematical model.

In today's life, wireless networks (WNs) are being used very fast in every area. Wireless networks have been used in various applications, but finding some of its weaknesses, such as mobility, diversity, lack of resources and so on, finding an optimum route is very complex and problematic. By reducing the energy consumption on each node, the quality of the network can be ensured. Need to increase the battery life of the node to increase the network lifecycle. Therefore, reducing the energy consumption can extend the battery life of the node. To find and maintain routes between nodes, multi-path routing is a fundamental research issue for such networks. This paper discusses the zone-based routing protocol, which uses the energy, distance and power of the node to maintain high circulation and accelerate the path search process and maintain high search. The Zone-based Leader Selection Routing Protocol (ZBLE) is one of the new protocols, which is a modified form of the famous Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AOMDV). Zone Leader Node and Zone Members are selected using the value of energy, position and power of the node. The performance of the proposed communication protocol is evaluated with other existing protocols such as AODV and AOMDV. The simulation result is that when it receives the best path for data communication with proper energy conservation. Network simulator version 2.35 is used for simulation purpose. To support our ideas, we used the 5 quality of service parameters such as packet distribution ratio, energy consumption, network lifetime, and throughput.

Various wireless mobile nodes are simultaneously a network that does not depend on any central administration system. This kind of network is called Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Due to the nodes dependent on the battery in MANET, energy consumption has become a major problem. Because of the mobility of the nodes in the network, the nodes rapidly change their positions, causing the battery to end very quickly, thereby reducing the life of such a network. The main objective of this paper is to reduce energy consumption and increase the life of the network by modifying the AOMDV protocol using zone-based technology. Keeping this objective in mind, a zone-based protocol was developed which has been addressed in the name of Zone Based Leader Selection Protocol (ZBLE). This proposed protocol uses zone-based technology to select the path based on high energy and high power. For the data forward, selecting the Leader node in each zone, the best path is chosen based on the energy level of the node and the strength of the probe. The proposed protocol has been evaluated using Network Simulator version 2.35. Comparison of ZBLE, protocols the most popular protocols are from AODV and AOMDV. With the help of simulation results, we have used service parameters such as packet distribution ratio, energy consumption, network lifetime and throughput to tell the quality of the proposed protocol