The role played by the E-learning system is crucial, especially in the urgent need for working away from the universities and colleges such as on holidays, weekends, and during pandemic situations like COVID-19. Researchers have constantly been producing more sophisticated alternatives for effective usage of E-learning systems and among them include models which explain how users accept, use, and evaluate such systems as they use them on daily basis. Due to the low ICT readiness in developing nations like Tanzania, there is a lack of grounds for the inclusion of various factors and dimensions to the conceptual models which in turn results in testing incomplete, intuitive, and ad hoc sets or irrelevant dimensions. This study closes this gap by conducting a systematic documentary review of studies from 2007 to 2020 on E-learning systems to identify the key factors and their associated dimensions. The findings provide foundations that further research on e-learning acceptance in the contexts of developing countries including Tanzania can adopt on formulating hypotheses and generating information on their research contexts.

The mobility and pervasiveness have created many opportunities of using mobile phones in performing activities of SMEs. This is due to the low ICT readiness especially in SMEs operating in less developed countries compared to large firms. Some of the challenges facing Tanzanian SMEs include but are not limited to poor ICT infrastructures, lack of ICT skills, lack of management support, poor financial capabilities and lack of reliable electrical power supply.
While there is a number of studies which explains the factors influencing adoption and usage of mobile phones in SMEs, it is still unclear whether the mandatoriness has an impact on such acceptance. Understanding the voluntary aspects provides informed decision-making for SME managers and potential stakeholders on identifying the issues which need their attention. This study involved a survey of 459 respondents from Tanzanian SMEs using SEM and AMOS. The results show that the mandated use of mobile phones in the SMEs has a moderating effect on the overall acceptance of mobile phones in performing daily activities.  Recommendations and suggestions for future works are also highlighted in this article.