In wireless sensor networks, two approaches of tree and mesh routing are introduced to determine the path of packets during the transition process. Tree routing is a simple routing protocol with low overhead that in this protocol father-child bonds for packet transmission from the source to the destination is used. The biggest problem of routing is the increase of the number of mutations in comparison with other routing protocols. In order to improve this problem, protocols have been introduced in recent years to determine a shortcut path on the basis of the tree routing. This study is an attempt to analyse and evaluate the existing routing algorithms, identify and overcome their disadvantages, also in some other protocols, only reducing the number of mutations has been discussed. However, to achieve this goal leads to increased energy consumption and thus reducing the lifetime of the network; reducing the number of mutations is an important parameter and can reduce delays in the network, however, it should be noted the energy consumption in ZigBee networks is a very important debate. Besides that, this study will try—in addition to reducing the average number of mutations—to reduce the traffic load near the root node in the proposed algorithms. As a result, on the one hand, the application of this algorithm in ZigBee networks reduces delays and on the other hand, will also lead to balancing of load and energy in the network. Using this algorithm, the scope and lifetime of the proposed protocol-based networks can be increased.

RSA based Digital Signature algorithm is an electronic scheme to ensure the security, authenticity and integrity of an electronic document intended to be used on Internet. Due to the involvement of RSA in signing and signature verification which is based on the series of modular multiplications and modular reductions on very large integers, the RSA based digital signature algorithm become compute-intensive and takes lot of time and energy to execute. A potential solution to this problem is to use the massive parallel powers of the multiprocessors of GPU that can simplify its complex computational part via CUDA programming. This paper presents a faster GPU based pRDSA algorithm which serves the same purpose as the RSA Digital Signature Algorithm but with less computational complexity. Proposed algorithm is an energy efficient parallel version of Digital Signature Algorithm to achieve high performance in the area of network security. It is based on SIMD model of parallel programming and implements repeated square-and-multiply method to compute the digital signature. The conceptual model of pRDSA and its performance have been discussed in this paper.

This paper presents the current scenario of our software industry which is deploying CBSE approach to construct high quality deliverable software products at shorter time to market. As both Vendor-specific and OSS COTS components are equally popular now-a-days. Hence, the availability of a wide range of COTS components in market is quite high. To select the best suitable candidate among the various available components, various formal methods and techniques like OTSO have been introduced by researchers. In this paper, COTS based software development & SDLC under CBSE tradition are discussed. Along with this discussion, it uncovers the fact that our software developers are applying Ad-hoc techniques as per their taste for making the selection of the most appropriate components for their projects rather than following the formal methods. Through this paper, various possible reasons behind the ‘Not-so-In-Use’ nature of these formal methods are being reported.

As we are in the world of emerging technologies people have more awareness about it especially Smartphone’s. Usage of Smartphone’s has been increased tremendously. Different operating systems (OS) are used in smart phones such as MAC OS, Android, and Windows OS etc. Most of the applications are run on their appropriate platform. Cloud is the simplest way to run certain application over cross platforms. Many cloud vendors are there who provides several kinds of applications and software which can be accessed by the users. In that Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) helps us to create a cloud application over the market. However there will be chances to occur Interoperability issues while users were working on a cross platforms. In order to overcome this issue a framework has been proposed named Mobile Cloud Middleware (MCM). MCM will recover the interoperability issues over multiple cloud services on mobile devices. Here in this paper we proposed effective result to solve the Interoperability issue by integrating Mobile Enterprise with MCM.

In the wireless sensor network, various sensor nodes are present that are used for the communication, sensing and computing. An external mobile sink is present which move around the grid that is used for the communication with the nodes directly which are present in the network. As we know that for formation of network we need to find the route between all the nodes coming in the network, for this purpose routing is done. Routing is defined as moving of information from source to destination. For efficient network the routing protocol that is used should consume less energy, and less distance. In the MVGDRA routing algorithm is proposed that use the mobile sink approach. The selection of cluster head is done on the basis of the weight values. By doing this cluster head will be selected on the basis of the energy means which node has highest energy appointed as cluster head that increases the stability of the network. And the event driven based strategy is used for the data transfer, the energy will be only released when it is required. The energy will not be released after each round. By this the energy consumption of the system decrease and the life time the network is increased. So this method is considered to be more efficient and better than the traditional methods of routing as the network performance is enhanced and its life time is increased. Simulation results show the comparison between the VGDRA and the MVGDRA.

This paper presents a new MATLAB-based microstrip filter design tool. Stepped-impedance resonator lowpass filter, parallel-coupled bandpass filter, and end-coupled bandpass filter are included. Circuit-theory based closed-form mathematical expressions are used, instead of rigorous electromagnetic analyses. This results in significant reduction in analytical effort, without substantially affecting the accuracy. The results are verified against results obtained using commercially available Ansoft simulation tool. The agreement between the two sets of results is good enough for all practical purposes.