Computational thinking including the ability to think critically and solve problems provides benefits for every career path. A positive attitude toward computer science can increase the possibility of students selecting courses that increase computational thinking or pursuing computer science (CS) as a major. This research examined the effect of using GameMaker on the attitudes of students toward computer science (CS) and CS instructors in an introductory CS course. The research consisted of an initial study and a two year longitudinal study. The data was collected using student surveys, qualitative student perceptions, and anonymous teaching evaluations. We hypothesized that students who used GameMaker in their class would show improved attitudes toward CS and would evaluate the instructor more favorably. Our research provides evidence that the incorporation of GameMaker into computer science courses may improve students’ short-term attitudes toward computer science and both long-term and short-term perceptions of the class instructor.

Skill assessment is an important but complicated task in the entire web based teaching and learning process. The learner’s performance assessment has a strong influence on learners’ approaches to learn and their learning outcomes like professional acceptability on desired skills. Most educators focus either on assessing a learner’s technical skill set or non-technical skill set, individually, rather than focusing on both the aspects. This paper bridges the gap by applying fuzzy logic approach to analyze a learner’s joint skills incorporating both skills-set.
An already proven e-commerce website’s evaluation technique has been chosen and applied in two situations of learner’s skill assessment through case studies namely: technical skills evaluation, and non-technical skills evaluation. Experiments show that the learner’s success depends on both sets of skill attributes. This work then proposed a novel method for skill assessment considering two (instead of one) sets of skill attributes invoking parallel or joint application of the technique. This new technique has also been analysed through a case study.

Quantum-dot cellular automata presents a promising Nano-scale technology for replacement of conventional CMOS-based circuits. According to the significant role of counters in computing units, designing diverse types of counter circuits has attracted many attentions, so far. This paper presents a QCA-compatible single layer architecture for 4-bit counter circuit, however by generalizing the main idea, n-bit counter can be engendered in a similar way. The proposed circuit is designed without employing conventional flip-flops’ structures by allotting the distinct clock cycles to each counting unit. The comparison results with the best-reported structure reveal the superiority of our design in terms of circuit complexity and required layers for accessing to input and output cells. The proper output waveforms obtained by the QCADesigner tool proves the precise functionality of the proposed counter.

In fact, Reliability as the qualities metric is the probability success or The probability that a system or set of tasks without failure for a specified constraints of time and space, as specified in the design and operating conditions specified temperature, humidity, vibration and action. A relatively new methodologies for developing complex software systems engineering is an aspect-oriented software systems, that provides the new methods for the separation of concerns multiple module configuration or intervention and automatic integration them with a system. In this paper, using MLP artificial neural networks and adaptive fuzzy neural network assess the reliability of the aspect oriented software and at the end, two methods were compared with each other. After examination, the root means square error method based on artificial neural networks, fuzzy neural network-based method of 0.024262 and 0.021874 to be adaptive. The results show that the method is based on adaptive fuzzy neural networks with low error in the estimation of reliability, performance is better than the MLP artificial neural network approach.

The WWW is very dynamic in nature and is basically used for the exchange of information or data, the content of web page is added, changed or deleted continuously, which makes Web crawlers very challenging to keep refresh the page with the current version. The web page is frequently changes its content hence it becomes essential to develop an effective system which could detect these types of changes efficiently in the lowest browsing time to achieve this changes. In this chapter we compare the old web page hash value with the new web page hash value if hash value is changed that means web page content changed. The changes in web page can be detected by calculating the hash value which is unique.

Multiplication scheme is one of the most essential factors, which is time consuming. Designers and manufacturers of processors emphasis on methods which would not only perform the multiplication scheme in a rapid manner, but would reduce the physical aspect of the design as well; hence, a reduction in power consumption. Addition is one of the fundamental factors in multiplication. Pre-designing of circuits and transistors’ levels used to be made through Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET), but now, due to scaling and difficulties thereof, new technologies like Single Electron Transistor (SET), Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) and Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNFET) are introduced. Among the new technologies, CNFET has become center of attention due to similarities in electronic features in relation to MOSFET. A comparison made between CNFET with MOSFET technologies indicate that, power delay product (PDP) and power leakage can be less in nanotube transistors. Field effect transistor circuit’s simulations are accomplished through HSPICE simulator. The simulation results indicate that this proposed Three-operand Carbon Nanotube Multiplier has a better performance in comparison with the three-operand multiplication done on computers nowadays, which we call it classical multiplier in this article.

Nowadays, the complexity and size of software systems is proliferating. These factors have various pros and cons. On one side where they lead to better performance and satisfactory results, on the other side they lead to high testing cost , wacky results , poor quality and non-reliability of the product. These problems have one root cause which is referred to as defects in the software systems Predicting these defects can not only rule out the cons but can also boost up the pros. Various techniques are present for the same which are reviewed in depth in this paper. Moreover, a comparison of these techniques is also done to throw a lime light on those which provide the best results.

Question classification plays vital role in Question Answering (QA) systems. The task of classifying a question to appropriate class is performed to predict the question type of the natural language question. In this paper, initially we have presented a brief overview of classification approaches adapted by different question answering systems so far and then propose a two-way question classification approach for higher education domain which not only identifies focus word and question class but also reduces answer search space within corpus comprise of question-answer pair, adding to the classification accuracy. For precise semantic interpretation of domain keywords, a domain specific dictionary is constructed which primarily have four domain word type. Classified features are built upon domain attributes in the form of constraints. The experiment proved the efficiency for restricted domain, even though we used quite simplistic approach.