IJMECS Vol. 16, No. 6, 8 Dec. 2024
Cover page and Table of Contents: PDF (size: 785KB)
Augmented Reality, Human-Computer Interaction, Mobile Learning, Language Learning, Primary Education
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of augmented reality compared to traditional approaches for language learning in primary education. We reported BodoAR, a marker-based AR application suitable for teaching the Bodo language, a tribal language of India in this work. The proposed application was developed using UNITY. To find the efficacy of the proposed BodoAR, five research questions were formed. An empirical study was conducted in five primary schools on two distinct user groups: native and non-native speakers of the Bodo language. All the participants were again randomly divided into two other groups- the experimental and the control group. A mixed-method approach was employed to collect the data, utilizing quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Analysis of empirical data shows native Bodo speakers' learning - in terms of academic achievements was significantly improved using the proposed application. For non-native students, experimental groups performed better than the controlled group. Both the native and non-native experimental groups experienced low anxiety, positive attitudes, and high levels of satisfaction while using the BodoAR application. Additionally, the academic achievements and attitudes of the native students in the experimental group were positively and significantly correlated. In contrast, the achievement of non-native students exhibits a positive and significant relationship with usability. The findings show increased satisfaction and academic performance among students who used the BodoAR application, affirming its effectiveness in enhancing Bodo language learning for primary school children. Thus, AR can be a useful tool for incorporating into children’s language learning for children.
Dipali Basumatary, Debojeet Das, Ranjan Maity, "Impacts of AR in Learning Tribal Bodo Language", International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science(IJMECS), Vol.16, No.6, pp. 64-79, 2024. DOI:10.5815/ijmecs.2024.06.05
[1]J. E. Zapata-Paulini, M. M. Soto-Cordova, and U. Lapa-Asto, "A mobile application with augmented reality for the learning of the quechua language in pre-school children," in 2019 IEEE 39th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN XXXIX), 2019.
[2]S. Nirala, "Indian Tribals: Bodo Tribe Assam," 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bodo-people.
[3]R. Azuma, Y. Baillot, R. Behringer, S. Feiner, S. Julier, and B. MacIntyre, "Recent advances in augmented reality," IEEE computer graphics and applications, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 34-47, 2001.
[4]R. T. Azuma, "A survey of augmented reality," Presence: teleoperators & virtual environments, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 355-385, 1997.
[5]T. Höllerer and S. Feiner, "Mobile augmented reality," Telegeoinformatics: Location-based computing and services, vol. 21, 2004.
[6]P. Chen, X. Liu, W. Cheng, and R. Huang, "A review of using Augmented Reality in Education from 2011 to 2016," Innovations in smart learning, pp. 13-18, 2017.
[7]A. B. Cygnet and P. Sivakumar, "Efficacy of augmented reality-based flashcards on learning Basic Tamil words among primary learners during neo-normal period.," Education and Information Technologies, pp. 1-18, 2023.
[8]K. Muhammad, N. Khan, M. Y. Lee, A. S. Imran, and M. Sajjad, "School of the future: A comprehensive study on the effectiveness of augmented reality as a tool for primary school children’s education," Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 5277, 2021.
[9]A. Mazzuco, A. L. Krassmann, E. Reategui, and R. S. Gomes, "A systematic review of augmented reality in chemistry education," Review of Education, vol. 10, no. 1, p. e3325, 2022.
[10]M. Abdinejad, C. Ferrag, H. S. Qorbani, and S. Dalili, "Developing a simple and cost-effective markerless augmented reality tool for chemistry education," Journal of Chemical Education 2021, vol. 98(2), pp. 1783-1788, 2021.
[11]D. Basumatary, and R. Maity, "Effects of Augmented Reality in Primary Education: A Literature Review," Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2023., 2023.
[12]A. Mamani-Calapuja, V. Laura-Revilla, A. Hurtado-Mazeyra, and C. Llorente-Cejudo, "Learning English in Early Childhood Education with Augmented Reality: Design, Production, and Evaluation of the “Wordtastic Kids” App," Education Sciences, vol. 13, no. 7, p. 638, 2023.
[13]J. L. Bacca Acosta, S. M. Baldiris Navarro, R. Fabregat Gesa, and S. Graf, "Augmented reality trends in education: a systematic review of research and applications," Journal of Educational Technology and Society, 2014., vol. 17(4), pp. 133-149, 2014.
[14]D. Sahin and R. M. Yilmaz, "The effect of Augmented Reality Technology on middle school students' achievements and attitudes towards science education," Computers & Education, vol. 144, p. 103710, 2020.
[15]B. Redondo, R. Cózar-Gutiérrez, J. A. González-Calero, and R. Sánchez Ruiz, "Integration of augmented reality in the teaching of English as a foreign language in early childhood education," Early Childhood Education Journal, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 147--155, 2020.
[16]C. Montellanos, J. Luis, M. Vásquez, C. Alberto, and H. Salazar, "Augmented reality mobile application and its influence in Quechua language learning," in 2019 IEEE Sciences and Humanities International Research Conference (SHIRCON), 2019.
[17]S. N. A. Majid and A. R. Salam, "A systematic review of augmented reality applications in language learning.," International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, vol. 16, no. 10, 2021.
[18]A. Parmaxi and A. A. Demetriou, "Augmented reality in language learning: A state-of-the-art review of 2014--2019," Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 861--875, 2020.
[19]L. K. Lee, C. H. Chau, C. H. Chau, C. T. Ng, J. H. Hu, C. Y. Wong, ... and N. I. Wu, "Improving the experience of teaching and learning kindergarten-level English vocabulary using augmented reality," International Journal of Innovation and Learning, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 110--125, 2019.
[20]M. Fan and A. N. Antle, "An english language learning study with rural chinese children using an augmented reality app.," in In Proceedings of the Interaction Design and Children Conference, 2020.
[21]T. Motahar, T. Fatema, and R. Das, "Bornomala AR-Bengali learning experience using augmented reality," in Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services Adjunct, 2018.
[22]M. F. Abrar, M. Islam, M. Hossain, M. M. Islam, and M. A. Kabir, "Augmented reality in education: A study on preschool children, parents, and teachers in Bangladesh," in International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, 2019.
[23]N. A. Halim and G. E. Su, "Learning Syllables in Malay Language through Augmented Reality Content for Preschool Children," International Journal of Innovative Computing, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 17-26, 2023.
[24]S. Mozaffari and H. R. Hamidi, "Impacts of augmented reality on foreign language teaching: a case study of Persian language," Multimedia tools and applications, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 4735-4748, 2023.
[25]B. Perry, "Gamifying French language learning: A case study examining a quest-based, augmented reality mobile learning-tool," Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 174, pp. 2308-2315, 2015.
[26]M. A. Sahrim, N. F. A. M. Soad, and L. H. Asbulah, "Augmented Reality Technology in Learning Arabic Vocabulary from the Perception of University Students," International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, vol. 17, no. 21, 2023.
[27]B. Su, T. Y. Tang, and P. Winoto, "Poster: Story Teller: A Contextual-based Educational Augmented-Reality Application for Preschool Children," in Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Joint Conference and 2018 International Symposium on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Wearable Computers, 2018.
[28]R. W. Chen and K. K. Chan, "Using augmented reality flashcards to learn vocabulary in early childhood education," Journal of Educational Computing Research, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1812-1831, 2019.
[29]M. J. Hossain and T. Ahmed, "Augmented reality-based elementary level education for bengali character familiarization," SN Computer Science, vol. 2, pp. 1-9, 2021.
[30]M. F. Hossain, S. Barman, and A. B. Haque, "Augmented Reality for Education; AR Children's Book," in TENCON 2019-2019 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON), 2019.
[31]N. Tuli and A. Mantri, "Evaluating usability of mobile-based augmented reality learning environments for early childhood," International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 815-827, 2021.
[32]D. Jain, A. P. Patil, D. J. Nawal, and P. Chakraborty, "ARWAK: An augmented reality wordbook smartphone app for kindergarteners," Journal of Multi Disciplinary Engineering Technologies, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 59-66, 2018.
[33]G. Singh, G. Singh, N. Tuli, and A. Mantri, "Hyperspace AR: an augmented reality application to enhance spatial skills and conceptual knowledge of students in trigonometry," Multimedia Tools and Applications, pp. 1-22, 2023.
[34]P. Sarkar, K. Kadam, and J. S. Pillai, "Learners' approaches, motivation and patterns of problem-solving on lines and angles in geometry using augmented reality," Smart Learning Environments, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-23, 2020.
[35]A. Mantri, "An augmented reality application for basic mathematics: teaching and assessing kids’ learning efficiency," 2019.
[36]N. S. KL and C. Dasgupta, "Investigating the nature of students' reasoning in connecting molecular structures of stereoisomers with their physical properties using an ar app," in In 2018 IEEE Tenth international conference on technology for education (t4e), 2018.
[37]S. Patil, A. Rao, N. Pardeshi, M. Gavhane, and D. Waghole, "Augmented Reality in Anatomy," IJERT: Gandhinagar, India, 2021.
[38]A. Debnath, U. Pathak, and P. Badoni, "An augmented reality application to teach human anatomy to secondary School students," in In Design for Tomorrow—Volume 2: Proceedings of ICoRD 2021, 2021.
[39]A. Kumar, A. Mantri, and R. Dutta, "Development of an augmented reality‐based scaffold to improve the learning experience of engineering students in embedded system course," Computer Applications in Engineering Education, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 244-257, 2021.
[40]R. Dutta, A. Mantri, and G. Singh, "Evaluating system usability of mobile augmented reality application for teaching Karnaugh-Maps," Smart Learning Environments, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 6, 2022.
[41]A. S. Tiwari, K. K. Bhagat, and G. Lampropoulos, "Designing and evaluating an augmented reality system for an engineering drawing course," Smart Learning Environments, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 1, 2024.
[42]N. Tuli, G. Singh, A. Mantri, and S. Sharma, "Augmented reality learning environment to aid engineering students in performing practical laboratory experiments in electronics engineering," Smart Learning Environments, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-20, 2022. [43] S. Pareek, A. Khemani, N. Dhobale and S. Salve, "Interactive 3D Marathi language alphabets: AR-based mobile app in context of rural India," in In International Conference on Research into Design, 2023.
[44]P. Meda, M. Kumar, and R. Parupalli, "Mobile augmented reality application for telugu language learning," in In 2014 IEEE International Conference on MOOC, Innovation and Technology in Education (MITE), 2014.
[45]G. Muruganantham, "Developing of E-content package by using ADDIE model," International Journal of Applied Research, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 52-54, 2015.
[46]J. Brooke, "SUS: A quick and dirty usability scale.," in Usability evaluation in industry, 1996.
[47]M. E. C. Santos, T. Taketomi, C. Sandor, J. Polvi, G. Yamamoto, and H. Kato, "A usability scale for handheld augmented reality," in In Proceedings of the 20th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, 2014.
[48]S. Küçük, R. Yilmaz, Ö. Baydas, and Y. Göktas, "Augmented reality applications attitude scale in secondary schools: Validity and reliability study," vol. 39, no. 176, pp. 383-392, 2014.
[49]C. S. C. Dalim, M. S. Sunar, A. Dey, and M. Billinghurst, "Using augmented reality with speech input for non-native children's language learning," International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 134, pp. 44-64, 2020.
[50]S. Küçük, R. M. Yýlmaz, and Y. Göktaþ, "Augmented reality for learning English: Achievement, attitude and cognitive load levels of students," Education & Science/Egitim ve Bilim, vol. 39, no. 176, 2014.