International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business (IJIEEB)
IJIEEB Vol. 14, No. 3, 8 Jun. 2022
Cover page and Table of Contents: PDF (size: 333KB)
Aesthetic QR: Approaches for Beautified, Fast Decoding, and Secured QR Codes
Full Text (PDF, 333KB), PP.10-18
Views: 0 Downloads: 0
Author(s)
Index Terms
QR code, aesthetic QR code, beautification, decoding rate, security.
Abstract
A QR code is a two-dimensional code that encodes data but it is unattractive and not ideal. QR codes have been applied in item identifications, publicity campaigns, advertisements, product promotions, etc. so they need to be visually good in appearance. Visually good and decorated QR codes degrade the decoding rate as compared to the standard QR code decoding rate. As they are used for mobile payments and logins some security must be there. For this many researchers have contributed using various approaches to beautify QR codes with high decoding accuracy and to make them secure. This paper aims towards the study of works carried out in the direction of beautification of QR codes using blended type techniques and artificial intelligence based techniques by different authors. The present state of prior strategies, methods, and major features used are described in this survey.
Cite This Paper
Jyoti Rathi, Surender Kumar Grewal, "Aesthetic QR: Approaches for Beautified, Fast Decoding, and Secured QR Codes ", International Journal of Information Engineering and Electronic Business(IJIEEB), Vol.14, No.3, pp. 10-18, 2022. DOI:10.5815/ijieeb.2022.03.02
Reference
[1]D. Haisler and P. Tate, “Physical hyperlinks for citizen interaction,” in Proc. ACM MM’10, pp. 1529–1530, 2010.
[2]T. Nikolaos and T. Kiyoshi, “Qr-code calibration for mobile augmented reality applications: Linking a unique physical location to the digital world,” in Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 Posters, ser.SIG GRAPH ’10, pp. 144, 2010.
[3]B. Erol, J. Graham, J. J. Hull, and P. E. Hart, “A modern day video flip-book: Creating a printable representation from time-based media”, in Proc. ACM MM’07, pp. 819– 822, 2007.
[4]T.-W. Kan, C.-H. Teng, and W.-S. Chou, “Applying QR code in augmented reality applications,” in Proc. ACM VRCAI ’09, pp.253–257, 2009.
[5]T. Anezaki, K. Eimon, S. Tansuriyavong, and Y. Yagi, “Development of a human tracking robot using qr code recognition,” in Proc. Korea-Japan Joint Workshop Frontiers of Computer Vision (FCV), pp. 1–6, Feb. 2011.
[6]T. Wakahara and N. Yamamoto, “Image processing of 2-dimensional barcode,” in Proc. IEEE NBiS’11, pp. 484–490, Sep. 2011.
[7]T.Wakahara, N. Yamamoto, and H. Ochi, “Image processing of dotted picture in the QR code of cellular phone,” in Proc. IEEE 3PGCIC’10, pp. 454–458, Nov. 2010.
[8]K. Fujita, M. Kuribayashi, and M. Morii, “Expansion of image displayable area in design QR code and its applications,” Forum Inf. Technol., vol. 4, pp. 517–520, 2011.
[9]S. Ono, K. Morinaga, and S. Nakayama, “Two-Dimensional Barcode Decoration Based on Real-Coded Genetic Algorithm,” in Proc. IEEE World Congr. Computational Intelligence (Evolutionary Computation, 2008. CEC 2008, pp. 1068–1073, Jun. 2008.
[10]S. Ono, K. Morinaga, and S. Nakayama, “Barcode design by evolutionary computation,” Artif. Life Robot., vol. 13, pp. 238–241, 2008.
[11]D. Samretwit and T. Wakahara, “Measurement of reading characteristics of multiplexed image in qr code,” in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS), pp. 552–557, 2011.
[12]Xu, Mingliang, Qingfeng Li, JianweiNiu, Xiting Liu, Weiwei Xu, Pei Lv, and Bing Zhou. "Art-up: A novel method for generating scanning-robust aesthetic QR codes." arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.02280 , vol. 14, no. 8, 2018.
[13]Li, Li, Yanyun Li, Bing Wang, Jianfeng Lu, Shanqing Zhang, Wenqiang Yuan, Saijiao Wang, and Chin-Chen Chang. "A new aesthetic QR code algorithm based on salient region detection and SPBVM." In International Conference on Security with Intelligent Computing and Big-data Services, Springer, Cham, pp. 20-32, 2017.
[14]Lin, Yu-Hsun, Yu-Pei Chang, and Ja-Ling Wu. "Appearance-based QR code beautifier." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 15, no. 8, pp. 2198-2207, 2013.
[15]Lin, Shih-Syun, Min-Chun Hu, Chien-Han Lee, and Tong-Yee Lee. "Efficient QR code beautification with high quality visual content." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 17, no. 9, pp. 1515-1524, 2015.
[16]Kuribayashi, Minoru, and MasakatuMorii. "Enrichment of visual appearance of aesthetic QR code." In International Workshop on Digital Watermarking, Springer, Cham, pp. 220-231, 2015.
[17]Li, Li, JinxiaQiu, Jianfeng Lu, and Chin-Chen Chang. "An aesthetic QR code solution based on error correction mechanism." Journal of Systems and Software 116, pp. 85-94, 2016.
[18]Lin, Lijian, Song Wu, Sijiang Liu, and Bo Jiang. "Interactive QR code beautification with full background image embedding." In Second international workshop on pattern recognition, International Society for Optics and Photonics, vol. 10443, pp. 1044317, 2017.
[19]Mittal, Ajay. "Generating visually appealing QR codes using color image embedding." The Imaging Science Journal 65, no. 1, pp.1-13, 2017.
[20]Hui-Li Cai, Bin Yan, Na Chen, Jeng- Shyang Pan and Hong-Mei Yang. “Beautified QR code with high storage capacity using sequential module modulation.” Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 78, pp. 22575-22599, 2019.
[21]Su, Hao, JianweiNiu, Xuefeng Liu, Qingfeng Li, Ji Wan, Mingliang Xu, and Tao Ren. "An End-to-end Method for Producing Scanning-robust Stylized QR Codes." arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.07815 , 2020.
[22]Xu, Mingliang, Hao Su, Yafei Li, Xi Li, Jing Liao, JianweiNiu, Pei Lv, and Bing Zhou. "Stylized aesthetic QR code." IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 21, no. 8, pp. 1960-1970, 2019.
[23]Shanqing Zhang, Shengqi Su, Li Li, Jianfeng Lu, Ching-Chun Chang, "Arbitrary Style Transfer of Facial Image Based on Feed-forward Network and Its Application in Aesthetic QR Code," Journal of Internet Technology, vol. 21, no. 2 , pp. 511-522, 2020.
[24]P.-C. Huang, C.-C. Chang, Y.-H. Li, and Y. Liu. "Efficient access control system based on aesthetic QR code," Personal Ubiquitous Comput., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 81-91, 2018.
[25]X. Zhong, L. Xiong and Z. Xia, "A secure visual secret sharing scheme with authentication based on qr code," Journal on Big Data, vol. 3, no.2, pp. 85–95, 2021.
[26]Fu, Zhengxin, Sijia Liu, Rui Sun, Liguo Fang, and Bin Yu. "Distributed color QR code with high-capability and fast decoding." Multimedia Tools and Applications vol. 79, no.43, pp. 32471-32485, 2020.
[27]Cai, Huili, Xiaofeng Liu, and Bin Yan. "Beautified QR Code with Security Based on Data Hiding." In UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence, Springer, Cham, pp. 423-432, 2019.
[28]Li Li, Min He, Jier Yu, Jianfeng Lu, Qili Zhou, Xiaoqing Feng and Chin-Chen Chang. “Aesthetic QR Code Authentication Based on Directed Periodic Texture Pattern”. Security with Intelligent Computing and Big-data Services. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer, Cham, vol. 895, pp. 251-256, 2020.
[29]Pena-Pena, Karelia, and Gonzalo R. Arce. "Channel Coding Optimization for Visually Pleasant QR Codes: Invited Presentation." 2019 53rd Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS). IEEE, pp. 1-4, 2019.
[30]Lee, Jong-Kai, et al. "The Enhancement of Graphic QR Code Recognition using Convolutional Neural Networks." 2019 8th International Conference on Innovation, Communication and Engineering (ICICE). IEEE, pp. 94-97, 2019.
[31]Liu, Shi-Jian, et al. "SVQR: A Novel Secure Visual Quick Response Code and Its Anti-counterfeiting Solution." J. Inf. Hiding Multim. Signal Process. vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1132-1140.