This article considers the pricing strategies of a manufacturer in a two-echelon supply chain with service level-dependent demand. This chain consists of one manufacturer and two retailers. The manufacturer decides the wholesale prices as a Stackelberg leader, and the retailers determine their service levels as the Stackelberg followers. We discuss the segmented and unified pricing strategies of the manufacturer. We also compute the optimal service levels and profits of the retailers, as well as the optimal wholesale prices and profits of the manufacturer associated with different pricing strategies. We conclude that the segmented pricing strategy benefits the manufacturer, whereas it cannot benefit the two retailers simultaneously. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous to the profit of the entire supply chain. Moreover, the increase in service cost coefficient adversely affects the earnings of the customers, the retailers, the manufacturer, and the entire supply chain. However, an increase in diffusion intensity benefits the customers, the manufacturer, and the supply chain.

The objective of the present paper is to optimize the machining parameters for turning of EN8steel on lathe machine using a combination of Taguchi and Grey Relational Analysis to yield minimum cutting forces and surface roughness. The process parameters such as rotational speed, feed, depth of cut and cutting fluid have been selected. In this study, the experiments were carried out as per Taguchi experimental design and L9 orthogonal array was used. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also used to find out the most influence of processing parameters on the responses. The regression equations were also established between the process parameters and responses. The results indicate that the depth of cut is the most significant factor affecting the cutting force and surface roughness followed by a feed, speed and cutting fluid.

Rickshaw is the most common three wheeler in Bangladesh. Easy availability, less fare, openness in structure etc. have made this very popular vehicle for short distance travel purposes. Two types of Rickshaws are seen plying on the road, one is manual peddling type another is an electric motorized type which needs to be charged using electricity from the national grid. Each type possess its own disadvantages. The first one need to be pulled by a man, which can be very hard & laborious for the pullers. The second one needs electricity for charging purposes which is a burden on the national grid. In this paper, we tried to represent a new model of Rickshaw by mitigating the disadvantages of both types. The features, working mechanisms, structure, components etc. of the Solar Powered Rickshaw is discussed briefly with the necessary figures in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to relieve Rickshaw pullers from this kind of laborious job by using Solar Power Rickshaw (SPR) and help improving the power crisis in Bangladesh.