IJEM Vol. 9, No. 5, 8 Sep. 2019
Cover page and Table of Contents: PDF (size: 497KB)
Full Text (PDF, 497KB), PP.1-21
Views: 0 Downloads: 0
Pipeline automation, Leak detection, Building services, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Internet of Things (IoT), Industry IOT (IIOT).
Building’s Air Conditioning systems require moving liquids for dweller comfort. Clogged pipes, system degradation can cause pressure buildups, leaks and other faults which leads to damage to the building. Most of the leaks in the commercial building occur due to poor maintenance and/or material degradation. Visual inspection is most predominantly used to solve this problem in the industry. This paper introduces the Internet of Things technology to detect leakage in building’s hydronic pipes with the support of sensors, fault detection method and mechanical control. The system consists of: Microcontroller, Windows application and website application. Internet of Things technology was used to monitor and control the hydronics using microcontroller’s capability of connecting to main server which is used to transmit the data to the cloud. The prototype was successfully built and tested. Promising results show that leaks above 2ml/s could be detected after 4 seconds specifically for the built small-scale system while control and monitor feature could be implemented with Internet of Things technology.
Audrius Urbonavicius, Nagham Saeed. " IoT Leak Detection System for Building Hydronic Pipes ", International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing(IJEM), Vol.9, No.5, pp.1-21, 2019. DOI: 10.5815/ijem.2019.05.01
[1]"Water Leaks in Multi Storey Buildings - A Problem Bigger Than Panama Leaks!", Linkedin.com, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/water-leaks-multi-storey-buildings-problem-bigger-than-hamid-khan. [Accessed: 25- Jun- 2019].
[2]www.aqualeak.com, 2019. [Online]. Aqua leak water detection product list Available: https://www.aqualeak.com/32/flow-based-water-leak-detection/. [Accessed: 24- Jun- 2019].
[3]www1.eere.energy.gov, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/corporate/pnnl-15149_market_assessment.pdf. [Accessed: 24- Jun- 2019].
[4]Energycontrolsonline.co.uk, 2019. 963 datasheet: [Online]. Available: https://energycontrolsonline.co.uk/pdfs/en-ta200636-uk0yr1115q.pdf. [Accessed: 24- Jun- 2019].
[5]V. Nguyen, Q. Tran and Y. Besanger, "SCADA as a service approach for interoperability of micro-grid plat-forms", Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 8, pp. 26-36, 2016. Available: 10.1016/j.segan.2016.08.001.
[6]"Damage Caused by Water Leaks", The Balance Small Business, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.thebalancesmb.com/damage-caused-by-water-leaks-462680. [Accessed: 24- Jun- 2019].
[7]"The Lifespan of Residential Plumbing Pipes", Santhoff Plumbing Company, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://santhoffplumbingco.com/the-lifespan-of-residential-plumbing-pipes. [Accessed: 24- Jun- 2019].
[8]"Boiler Piping Flow & Pipe Sizing | HVAC Hydronics", High Performance HVAC Heating & Cooling Reviews, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://highperformancehvac.com/boiler-piping-flow-pipe-sizing/. [Accessed: 24- Jun- 2019].
[9]Hitachi.com, 2019. Monitoring and Control Systems for the IoT in the Water Supply and Sewerage Utilities Hitachi Re-view [Online]. Available: https://www.hitachi.com/rev/archive/2017/r2017_07/pdf/p52-59_R7A03.pdf. [Accessed: 24- Jun- 2019].
[10]T. Chis: "Pipeline Leak Detection Techniques", Annals. Computer Science Series, 5th Tome, 1st Fasc. – 2007.
[11]Z. Jia, L. Ren, H. Li, S. Ho and G. Song, "Experimental study of pipeline leak detection based on hoop strain measure-ment", Structural Control and Health Monitoring, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 799-812, 2014. Available: 10.1002/stc.1718.
[12]N. Saeed and M. Abbod: "Modelling Oil Pipelines Grid: Neuro-fuzzy Supervision System", International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 1-11, 2017.
[13]H. Fuchs and R. Riehle, "Ten years of experience with leak detection by acoustic signal analysis", Applied Acoustics, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1-19, 1991. Available: 10.1016/0003-682x(91)90062-j.
[14]K. Marmarokopos, D. Doukakis, G. Frantziskonis and M. Avlonitis, "Leak Detection in Plastic Water Supply Pipes with a High Signal-to-Noise Ratio Accelerometer", Measurement and Control, vol. 51, no. 1-2, pp. 27-37, 2018. Available: 10.1177/0020294018758526.
[15]J. Muggleton, M. Brennan and Y. Gao, "Determining the location of buried plastic water pipes from measurements of ground surface vibration", Journal of Applied Geophysics, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 54-61, 2011. Available: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.06.030.
[16]IoT history: Cs.cmu.edu, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~coke/history_long.txt. [Accessed: 25- Jun- 2019].
[17]Y. Kang, M. Han, K. Han and J. Kim, "A Study on the Internet of Things (IoT) Applications", International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 117-126, 2015. Available: 10.14257/ijseia.2015.9.9.10.
[18]D. Bastos, M. Shackleton, and F. El-Moussa, "Internet of Things: A survey of technologies and security risks in smart home and city environments", Living in the Internet of Things: Cybersecurity of the IoT 2018 , IET, 2018.
[19]Z. Bakhshi, A. Balador and J. Mustafa, "Industrial IoT security threats and concerns by considering Cisco and Microsoft IoT reference models," 2018 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops, WCNCW 2018, 2018.
[20]D. Nguyen, C. Song, Z. Qian, S. V. Krishnamurthy, E. J. M. Colbert and P. McDaniel, "IoTSan: Fortifying the safety of IoT systems", International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies (CoNEXT ’18), Greece, 2018.
[21]M. Turkowski, A. Bratek and M. Slowikowski, "Methods and Systems of Leak Detection in Long Range Pipelines", Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics & Intelligent Systems vol. 1 no. 3, 2007.
[22]YF-S201 sensor datasheet, Hobbytronics.co.uk, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.hobbytronics.co.uk/datasheets/sensors/YF-S201.pdf. [Accessed: 25- Jun- 2019].
[23]YF-B1 Sensor Datasheet, Media.digikey.com, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://media.digikey.com/pdf/Data%20Sheets/Seeed%20Technology/114991171_Web.pdf. [Accessed: 25- Jun- 2019].